From Bootstraps to Hands-up: A Multicultural Content Analysis of The Depiction of Poverty in Young Adult Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2015.1.2.31-63Abstract
This article describes the findings of a qualitative critical multicultural content analysis of 71 young adult (YA) novels depicting poverty and published between 1996 when the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) was signed into law by President Bill Clinton and 2013. The study answers three research questions: In what ways does YA literature published after the PRWORA portray poverty? How do those representations compare to current statistics regarding poverty in the United States? What do these depictions mean for teachers of English? The authors urge that instructors who use novels that depict poverty in preservice and/or graduate courses in young adult literature help build awareness of the complexity of poverty.
References
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Enciso, P. (2007). Reframing history in sociocultural theories: Toward an expansive vision. In Lewis, Enciso, & Moje (Eds.). Reframing Sociocultural Research on Literacy: Identity, Agency, and Power. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fitzgibbons, S. A., & Tilley, C. L. (1999, November 10-14, 1999). Images of poverty in contemporary realistic fiction for youth: Preliminary results of a content analysis using a social psychological conceptual framework. Paper presented at the Third International Forum on Research in School Librarianship, annual Conference of the International Association of School Librarianship, Birmingham, AL.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
Gilens, M. (2009). Why Americans hate welfare: Race, media, and the politics of antipoverty policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Giroux, H. (2014). "Neoliberalism and the Machinery of Disposability," Tuesday, 08 April 2014 accessed August 19, 2015 at <a href='http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/22958-neoliberalism-and-the-machinery-of-disposability'>http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/22958-neoliberalism-and-the-machinery-of-disposability</a>
Goodman, J. M. (1985). From lemonade stands to Wall Street: Children's books' messages about the economy. Interracial Books for Children Bulletin, 16(2/3), 4-9.
Goodson, L. A. (2004). Protagonists in young adult literature and their reflection of society. (Doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University, 2004). ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 3132165.
Gorski, P. (2008). The myth of the culture of poverty. Educational Leadership, 65(7), 32-36.
Gyamfi, P., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Jackson, A.P. (2001). Associations between employment and financial and parental stress in low-income single Black mothers. Women and Health. 32(1/2), 119-135. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v32n01_06'>https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v32n01_06</a>
Haberman, M. (1991/2010). Pedagogy of poverty versus good teaching. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(2), 81-87. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171009200223'>https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171009200223</a>
Hancock, C., & Scherff, L. (2010). Who will stay and who will leave?: Predicting secondary English language arts teacher attrition. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(4), 328-338. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110372214'>https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110372214</a>
Harmon, M. Skate. (2007). New York: Laurel-Leaf.
Hill, C. (2011). Poverty through the lens of the Make Lemonade Trilogy. Signal, 34(52), 31-36.
Hobbs, W. (2007). Crossing the wire. New York: HarperCollins.
Housing Assistance Council. (June 2012.) Poverty in rural America. Retrieved from: <a href='http://www.ruralhome.org/storage/research_notes/rrn_poverty.pdf'>http://www.ruralhome.org/storage/research_notes/rrn_poverty.pdf</a>
Hudson, C.G. (2005). Socioeconomic status and mental illness: Tests of the social causation and selection hypotheses. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 3-18. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.1.3'>https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.1.3</a>
Hughes, J. A. (2010) What teacher preparation programs can do to better prepare teachers to meet the challenges of educating students living in poverty Action in Teacher Education, 32:1, 54-64. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2010.10463542'>https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2010.10463542</a>
Jennings, T. (2007). Addressing diversity in U.S. teacher preparation programs: A survey of elementary and secondary programs' priorities and challenges from across the United States of America. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23 (8), 1258-1271. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.004'>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.004</a>
Jensen, E. (2009). Teaching with poverty in mind: What being poor does to kids' brains and what schools can do about it. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Jones, S. (2008). Grass houses: Representations and reinventions of social class through children's literature. Journal of Language and Literacy Education, 4(2), 40-58.
Kelley, J.E., & Darragh, J.J. (2011). Depictions and gaps: Portrayal of U.S. poverty in realistic fiction children's picture books. Reading Horizons, 50(4), 263-282.
Kelley, J. E., Rosenberger, C., & Botelho, M. J. (2005). Recurring themes about poverty in realistic fiction picture books. The Dragon Lode, 24(1), 25-30.
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2016-01-11
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Empirical Studies
