Lawmakers and Lobbyists: Policy Outreach through One-Minutes and Press Releases

Authors

  • Christine DeGregorio

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2010.31.0.113-135

Abstract

Elites in Washington behave as if the successful passage of controversial policy rests on their ability to reach the American people with a clear and resonant argument. With an aim toward understanding the strategic nature of this discourse, I examine the themes most repeated by allies and adversaries in five, high profile policy battles of the 107th Congress (2001-2002). The data include one-minute speeches offered by lawmakers on the House floor (274) and press releases (495) posted on the Web pages of the involved interest-groups. The results provide evidence on the determinants of polarized, policy discourse and affirm that no one party, nor interest group-type, dominates policy promotion.

References

Abramowitz, Alan A. 2001. .Mr. Mayhew, Meet Mr. Delay,. or the Electoral Connection in the Post-Reform Congress. PS: Political Science and Politics 34(2):257-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096501000452

Ainsworth, Scott. 2000. Analyzing Interest Groups. New York: W.W. Norton and Co.

Aldrich, John, and David Rohde. 1997. The Transition to Republican Rule in the House: Implications for Theories of Congressional Politics. Political Science Quarterly 112(4):541-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657691

Anderson, Sarah, and Philip Habel, 2008, Revisiting Adjusted ADA Scores for the U.S. Congress, 1947-2007. Political Analysis. Advance Access published on December 16, 2008.

Baumgartner, Frank R. 2007. EU Lobbying: A View from the U.S. Journal of European Public Policy 14(3):482-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760701243830

Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. 1998. Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and in Political Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400822485

Berry, Jeffrey. 1999. The New Liberalism. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Chin, Michelle L., Jon Bond, and Nehemia Geva. 2000. A Foot in the Door: An Experimental Study of PAC and Constituency Effects on Access. Journal of Politics 62(2):534-549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00024

Chong, D., Herber McClosky, and John Zaller. 1983. Patterns of Support for Democratic and Capitalist Values in the United States. British Journal of Political Science 13(4):401-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400003343

Cobb, R.W., and C.D. Elder. 1983. Participation in American Politics: The Dynamics of Agenda-Building. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Connelly, William, and John J. Pitney. 1994. Congress's Permanent Minority: Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishing Group.

Cook, Timothy. 1998. Governing With the News: the News Media as a Political Institution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Christine DeGregorio, 2009, Calling Out the Troops: Interest Groups, Press Releases and Policy Promotion Through Speech. Politics and Policy 37:463-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00181.x

DeGregorio, Christine. 2001. Party Leadership in the U.S. House of Representatives: Making Sense out of Ambition and Context. Congress and the Presidency 28(1): 19-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07343460109507758

DeGregorio, Christine. 1997. Networks of Champions: Leadership, Access and Advocacy in the U.S. House of Representatives. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.15160

Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy. Journal of Political Economy 65(2):135-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/257897

Druckman, James. 2001. On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame? Journal of Politics 63(4):1041-1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00100

Dwyre, Diane, and Victoria Farrar-Myers. 2000. The Legislative Labyrinth. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Books.

Egan, Patrick J. 2008. Issue Ownership and Representation: A Theory of Legislative Responsiveness to Constituency Opinion (August 19, 2008). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1239464.

Evans, Charles Lawrence. 2001. Committees, Leaders, and Message Politics. In Congress Reconsidered, 7th ed., eds. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Evans, Diana. 2004. Greasing the Wheels: Using Pork Barrel Projects to Build Majority Coalitions in Congress. New York: University of Cambridge Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617140

Fenno, Richard F. 2000. Congress at the Grassroots: Representational Change in the South, 1970-1998. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Gingrich, Newt. 1997. Lessons Learned the Hard Way. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Goffman, E. 1974. Frame Analysis. New York: Harper Row.

Hall, Richard L., and Alan V. Deardorff. 2006. Lobbying as Legislative Subsidy. American Political Science Review 100(1):69-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062010

Hansen, John M. 1985. The Political Economy of Group Membership. American Political Science Review 79(1):79-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956120

Harris, Douglas B. 2005. Orchestrating Party Talk: A Party-Based View of One-Minute Speeches in the House of Representatives. Legislative Studies Quarterly 30(1):127-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298005X201482

Harris, Douglas B. 1998. The Rise of the Public Speakership. Political Science Quarterly 113(2):193-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657853

Hofstetter, C.R., D. Barker, J.T. Smith, G.M. Zari, and T.A Ingrassia. 1999. Information, Misinformation, and Political Talk Radio. Political Research Quarterly 52:333-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/449222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591299905200205

Hurley, Patricia A. 2001. David Mayhew.s .Congress: The Electoral Connection. After 25 Years. Political Science and Politics 34(2):259-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1049096501000464

Iyengar, Shanto. 1994. Is Anyone Responsible?: How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Iyengar, Shanto. 1990. Framing Responsibility for Political Issues. Political Behavior 12(1):19-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992330

Jerit, Jennifer. 2008. Issue Framing and Engagement: Rhetorical Strategy in Public Policy Debates. Political Behavior 30(1):1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9041-x

Kahn, Gabriel. 1995. Bonior Overhauls His Whip Operation. Roll Call, January 16.

Kahneman, Daniel and Amos Tversky. 1979. Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica 47(2):263-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1914185

Kingdon, John. [1973] (1981 and 1989). Congressmen's Voting Decisions, 3rd ed. New York: Harper and Row.

Kollman, K. 1998. Outside Lobbying. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Krebbs, Ronald R., and Patrick T. Jackson. 2007. Twisting Tongues and Twisting Arms: The Power of Political Rhetoric. European Journal of International Relations 13(1):35-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066107074284

Krehbiel, Keith. 1998. Pivotal Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226452739.001.0001

Krehbiel, Keith. 1995. Cosponsors and Wafflers from A to Z. American Journal of Political Science 39(4):906-923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111662

Lipinski, Daniel. 2004. Congressional Communications. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.6728

Luntz, Frank. 2006. Words That Work. New York: Hyperion Publishers.

Maltzman, Forrest, and Lee Sigelman. 1996. The Politics of Talk: Unconstrained Floor Time in the U.S. House of Representatives. Journal of Politics (58):819-830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960448

Mayhew, David. 1974. Congress: the Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Mayhew, David. 2001. Observations on .Congress: The Electoral Connection. a Quarter Century after Writing It. Political Science and Politics 34(2):251-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1049096501000427

Morris, Jonathan. 2001. Reexamining the Politics of Talk: Partisan Rhetoric in the 104th Congress. Legislative Studies Quarterly 26(1):101-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/440405

Niven, David. 1996. Shaping the Congressional Debate on the Gulf War. Congress and the Presidency 23(1):33-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07343469609507841

Page, Benjamin I. 1996. Who Deliberates? Mass Media in Modern Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Riker, William. H. 1996. The Strategy of Rhetoric: Campaigning for the American Constitution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Roberts, Cokie, and Steve Roberts. 1995. The Real Conservative Revolution. The Baltimore Sun, January 17, p. 11A.

Rocca, Michael S. 2007. Nonlegislative Debate in the U.S. House of Representatives. American Politics Research 35(1):489-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673X07300233

Rosenstone, Steven.J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.

Sigelman, Lee, Christopher Deering, and Burdett A. Loomis. 2001. .Wading Knee Deep in Words, Words, Words.: Senatorial Rhetoric in the Johnson and Clinton Impeachment Trials. Congress and the Presidency 28:119-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07343460109507749

Sinclair, Barbara. 2006. Party Wars: Polarization and the Politics of National Policy Making. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Sinclair, Barbara. 2007. Unorthodox Lawmaking. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Smith, Steven S. 2007. Party Influence in Congress. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812613

Truman, David. 1951. The Congressional Process. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Zaller, John. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818691

Downloads

Published

2010-07-01

Issue

Section

Articles