American Foreign Policy Opinion in 2004: Exploring Underlying Beliefs

Authors

  • Stephen E. Schier
  • Andrew Kaufman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2007.27.0.295-317

Abstract

This analysis identifies some underlying foreign policy beliefs of Americans in 2004 and explores the impact of those beliefs upon attitudes about specific foreign policies. We find, following Wittkopf (1986, 1987, 1990), that there remains a coherence to American mass foreign policy opinion. Americans can be described as clustering into four belief sets about foreign policy— accommodationists, internationalists, isolationists and hardliners. Further, these beliefs explain variation in public responses regarding specific foreign policies, such as the proper U.S. role in world affairs, the choice of multilateral or unilateral approaches, and support of increased defense spending.

References

Aldrich, John, John Sullivan, and Eugene Borgida. 1989. Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential Candidates "Waltz Before A Blind Audience?" The American Political Science Review 83:123-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956437

Bardes, Barbara Ann, and Robert Oldendick. 1978. Beyond Internationalism: A Case for Multiple Dimensions in the Structure of Foreign Policy Attitudes. Social Science Quarterly 59:496-508.

Bishop, George. 2005. The Illusion of Public Opinion: Fact and Artifact in American Public Opinion Polls. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Bishop, George F., and Robert W. Oldendick. 1978. Change in the Structure of American Political Attitudes: The Nagging Question of Question Wording. American Journal of Political Science 22:250-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2110616

Converse, Philip. 1964. The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics. In Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter. London: Collier-Macmillan Limited.

Holsti, Ole. 1992. Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus Mershon Series: Research Programs and Debates. International Studies Quarterly 36:439-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600734

Holsti, Ole. 2004. Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy, rev. ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.6750

Lippmann, Walter. 1955. Essays in the Public Philosophy. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.

Maggiotto, Michael, and Eugene Wittkopf. 1981. American Public Attitudes toward Foreign Policy. International Studies Quarterly 25:601-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600514

Oldendick, Robert W., and Bardes, Barbara Ann. 1982. Mass and Elite Foreign Policy Opinions. The Public Opinion Quarterly 46:368-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/268734

Oldendick, Robert W., and Bardes, Barbara Ann. 1981. Belief Structures and Foreign Policy: Comparing the Dimensions of Elite and Mass Opinions. Social Science Quarterly 61:434-441.

Page, Benjamin, and Robert Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226644806.001.0001

Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. 1990. Public Images of the Soviet Union: The Impact on Foreign Policy Attitudes. The Journal of Politics 52:3-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131417

Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. 1987. How Are Foreign Policy Attitudes Structured? A Hierarchical Model. The American Political Science Review 81:1099-1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962580

Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. 1993. Models of Attitude Constraint in Foreign Affairs. Political Behavior 15:61-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993417

Shapiro, Robert, and Yaeli Bloch-Elkon. 2005. Partisan Conflict, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy (draft). Inequality and Social Policy Seminar, December 2, 2005.

Wittkopf, Eugene. 1986. On the Foreign Policy Beliefs of the American People: A Critique and Some Evidence. International Studies Quarterly 30:425-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600643

Wittkopf, Eugene. 1987. Elites and Masses: Another Look at Attitudes toward America's World Role. International Studies Quarterly 31:131-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600450

Wittkopf, Eugene. 1990. Faces of Internationalism: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Wittkopf, Eugene, and James McCormick, eds. 2004. The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy, 4th ed. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

Downloads

Published

2007-01-01

Issue

Section

Articles