Truth Believers and True Believers: The Conditional Effects of Voluntary Associations on the Political Participation of Black Americans

Authors

  • Randall D. Swain
  • Maruice Mangum

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2012.33.0.189-210

Abstract

Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, this investigation examines the impact of two kinds of voluntary associations on electoral and non-electoral political participation among Black Americans. It does so by examining the church’s context or environment and membership in organizations. We report several significant findings. First, both types of voluntary associations—church and secular organizational membership—are positive influences on both forms of political participation. Second, memberships in secular organizations are more influential facilitators of activism among Black Americans than the church. Third, the type of voluntary association matters in terms of the kinds of political activities promoted. The church promotes political activities that call for less energy and less resources. Membership in secular organizations is related to high-intensity forms of political activity.

References

Alex-Assensoh, Yvette, and A.B. Assensoh. 2001. Inner-City Contexts, Church Attendance, and African-American Political Participation. Journal of Politics 63(3):886-901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00092

Brown, John A. 1979. The Present Lethargy of Black Voluntary Associations. Phylon 40(2):195-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/274661

Brown, Ronald, and Monica Wolford, M. 1994. Religious Resources and African American Political Action. National Political Science Review 4:30-48.

Calhoun-Brown, Allison. 1996. African-American Churches and Political Mobilization: The Psychological Impact of Organizational Resources. Journal of Politics 58(4): 935-953. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960144

Calhoun-Brown, Allison. 1998. While Marching to Zion: Otherworldliness and Racial Empowerment in the Black Community. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37(3): 427-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388050

Calhoun-Brown, Allison. 1999. The Imgage of God: Black Theology and Racial Empowerment in the African-American Community. Review of Religious Research 40(3):197-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512367

Cone, James. H. 1989. Black Theology as Liberation Theology. In African American Religious Studies, ed. Gayraud Wilmore. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Dahl, Robert. 1982. Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

Dawson, Michael, Ronald Brown, and Richard Allen. 1990. Racial Belief Systems, Religious Guidance, and African-American Political Participation. National Political Science Review 2:22-44.

Djupe, Paul A., and Christopher Gilbert. 2006. The Resourceful Believer: Generating Civic Skills in Church. Journal of Politics 68(1):116-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00374.x

Ellison, Christopher G., and Darren E. Sherkat. 1995. The 'Semi-involuntary Institution' Revisited: Regional Variations in Church Participation Among Black Americans. Social Forces 73(4):1415-1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/73.4.1415 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580453

Harris, Frederick C. 1994. Something Within: Religion as a Mobilizer of African-American Political Activism. Journal of Politics 56(1):42-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2132345

Harris, Frederick C. 1999. Something Within: Religion in African-American Political Activism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hoggett, Paul, and Jeff Bishop. 1986. Organizing Around Enthusiasms: Patterns of Mutual Aid in Leisure. London: Comedia.

Hunt, Matthew O., and Larry L. Hunt. 2000. Regional religions? Extending the 'Semivoluntary' Thesis of African-American Religious Participation. Sociological Forum 15(4):569-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007515431141

Leighley, Jan E. 1996. Group Membership and the Mobilization of Political Participation. Journal of Politics 58(2):447-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960234

Lopata, Helen Z. 1965. The Functions of Voluntary Associations in an Ethnic Community: Polonia. Pp. 203-223 in Contributions to Urban Sociology, eds. Ernest W. Burgess and Donald J. Bogue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mangum, Maruice. 2008. Examining the Association between Church and the Party Identification of Black Americans. Politics and Religion 1(1):200-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048308000175

McAdams, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency 1930-1970. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

McKenzie, Brian D. 2008. Reconsidering the Effects of Bonding Social Capital: A Closer Look at Black Civil Society Institutions in America. Political Behavior 30(1):25-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9038-5

Morris, Aldon. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press.

Nelsen, Hart M., Raytah Yokley, and Anne K. Nelsen. 1971. The Black Church in America. Lexington, KY: University of Press of Kentucky.

Olsen, Marvin. 1972. Social Participation and Voting Turnout: A Multivariate Analysis. American Sociological Review 37(3):317-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2093471

Pollock, Phillip H. 1982. Organizations as Agents of Mobilization: How Does Group Activity Affect Political Participation? American Journal of Political Science 26(3):485-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2110939

Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

Rosenstone, Steven J., and John M. Hansen. 2003. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Longman.

Stolle, Dietlind. 1998. Bowling Together, Bowling Alone: The Development of Generalized Trust in Voluntary Associations. Political Psychology 19(3):497-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00115

Streeck, Wolfgang, and Phillip C. Schmitter. 1991. Community, Market, State and Associations? The Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social Order. In Markets, Hierarchies, and Networks: The Coordination of Social Life, eds. Grahame Thompson, Jennifer Frances, Rosalind Levacic, and Jeremy C Mitchell London: Sage.

Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Tate, Katherine. 1998. National Black Election Study, 1996 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University [producer], 1997. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor].

Timpone, Richard. 1995. Mass Mobilization or Government Intervention? The Growth of Black Registration in the South. Journal of Politics 57(2):425-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960314

Tocqueville De, Alexis. [1835] 2001. Democracy in America, ed. Richard D. Hefner. New York: Signet Classic.

Verba, Sidney, and Norma Nie. 1972. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper and Row.

Verba, Sidney., Kay L. Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wald, Kenneth D., Dennis E. Owen, and Samuel S. Hill, Jr. 1988. Churches as Political Communities. American Political Science Review 82(2):531-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1957399

Walton, Hanes, and Robert Smith. 2012. American Politics and the African-American Quest for Universal Freedom, 3rd ed. New York: Pearson Longman.

Downloads

Published

2012-11-01

Issue

Section

Articles