Victim or Victor of the 'Culture War?' How Cultural Issues Affect Support for George W. Bush in Rural America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2005-2006.26.0.349-367Abstract
Several studies have challenged the conclusions of Fiorina et al., that there is no ”culture war” that divides America. A recent book by Thomas Frank, however, argues that cultural divisions not only exist, but are critical to understanding Republican success. This study contributes to this literature by examining how individual positions on cultural issues affect support for George W. Bush in rural America. Using both county-level data and individual-level data, our results demonstrate that there are significant differences between rural and urban residents, and that George W. Bush’s success in rural communities during the 2004 election was at least partly a function of his socially conservative position on the issue of gay marriage.References
Abramowitz, Alan, and Kyle Saunders. 2005. Why Can.t We All Just Get Along? The Reality of a Polarized America. The Forum. 3(2), Article 1.
Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400874569
Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba, eds. 1989. The Civic Culture Revisited. Thou-sand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Baker, Wayne. 2005. Social Science in the Public Interest: To What Extent Did the Media Cover .Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America? The Forum. 3(2), Article 4.
Beck, Paul Allen, Hal G. Rainey, and Carol Traut. 1990. Disadvantage, Disaffection, and Race as Divergent Bases for Citizen Fiscal Policy Preferences. Journal of Politics 52: 71-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131420
Brewer, Mark D., and Jeffrey M. Stonecash. 2006. Class and Culture in American Politics (Washington, DC: CQ Press).
Curl, Joseph, and Julia Duin. 2004. Focus on Moral Values Tipped Vote for Bush. Wash-ington Times (November 4): A1.
Curtice, John, and Alison Park. 1999. Region: New Labour, New Geography? In Geoffrey Evans and Pippa Norris, eds., Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-term Perspective. London: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446218518.n7
Dionne, E.J., Jr. 2003. One Nation Deeply Divided. Washington Post, November 7, p. A31.
Eckstrom, Kevin. 2004. 2004: Religion Glowed Red Hot. Herald News, December 30, p. E1.
Elazar, Daniel J. 1966. American Federalism: A View from the States. New York: Crowell.
Eliason, Scott R. 1993. Maximum Likelihood Estimation: Logic and Practice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412984928
Farhi, Paul, and James V. Grimaldi. 2004. GOP Won With Accent on Rural and Traditional. Washington Post, November 4, p. A1.
Farrell, Maureen. 2004. Are Blue States Smarter than Red States? BuzzFlash.com http://www.buzzflash.com/farrell/04/08/far04027.html.
Fiorina, Morris P., Samuel J. Abrams, and Jeremy C. Pope. 2005. Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. New York: Longman.
Fleisher, Richard, and Jon R. Bond. 2000. Partisanship and the President's Quest for Votes on the Floor of Congress. In Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era, ed. Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Frank, Thomas. 2004. What's the Matter with Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Gainsborough, Juliet F. 2001. Fenced Off: The Suburbanization of American Politics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University.
Gelman, Andrew, Boris Shor, Joseph Bufumi, and David Park. 2005. Rich State, Poor State, Red State, Blue State: What.s the Matter With Connecticut. The Society for Political Methodology, http://polmeth.wustl.edu/workingpapers.php?year=2005& how=alpha
Generosity Index 2004. 2004. Catalogue for Philanthropy, http://www. catalogueforphilanthropy.org/cfp/db/generosity.php?year=2004.
Graber, Doris A. 2005. Mass Media and American Politics, 7th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Green, John C., and James L. Guth. 1991. The Bible and the Ballot Box: The Shape of Things to Come. In The Bible and the Ballot Box: Religion and Politics in the 1988 Election, ed. James L. Guth and John C. Green. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Greenberg, Anna, David Walker, and Bill Greener. 2005. The Message from Rural America: The Rural Vote in 2004. W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Available at http:// 75.wkkf.org/DocumentPDFHTML.aspx?ID=14.
Hillygus, D. Sunshine, and Todd G. Shields. 2005. Moral Issues and Voter Decision Making in the 2004 Presidential Election. PS: Politics and Political Science. 38: 201-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096505056301
Holbrook, Thomas M. 2004. Good News for Bush? Economic News, Personal Finances, and the 2004 Election. PS: Political Science and Politics. 37:759-762.
Inglehart, Ronald. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg. 2000. Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44:347-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2669316
Klinkner, Philip A., and Ann Hapanowitz. 2005. Red and Blue Déjà Vu: Measuring Political Poliarization in the 2004 Election. The Forum 3(2), Article 2.
Lawrence, Jill. 2002. .Values, Votes, and Points of View Separate Towns B and Nation.. USA Today, February 18, p. 10A.
Layman, Geoffrey C. 2001. The Great Divide: Religious and Cultural Conflict in American Party Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Charles Tien. 2004. Jobs and Job of President: A Forecast for 2004. PS: Political Science and Politics. 37:753-758.
Lim, Elvin T. 2005. .Values. and the 2004 Presidential Election. Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, September 1-4, 2005.
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Stein Rokkan. 1967. Cleavage Structures, Party Systems and Voter Alignments, in Seymour Martin Lipset and Stein Rokkan, eds., Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross National Perspectives. New York: The Free Press.
McCann, James A. 1995. Nomination Politics and Ideological Polarization: Assessing the Attitudinal Effects of Campaign Involvement. Journal of Politics 57:101-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960273
McElvaine, Robert S. 2004. Red State; Blue State; A Democrat's Lonely Stand. Washington Post, October 10, p. B1.
McFaul, Michael. 1997. Russia's 1996 Presidential Election: The End of Polarized Politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
Miller, Matt. 2004. This Land Is Red Land, Paid For by Blue Land ... Fortune Magazine, 150(11), November 29, http://www.fortune.com/fortune/articles/ 0,15114,781000,00.html.
Miller, Warren E., and M. Kent Jennings. 1986. Parties in Transition: A Longitudinal Study of Party Elites and Supporters. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Moore, David W. 2005. Bush Approval at 37%: Lowest Approval Rating Measured by Gallup. The Gallup Poll, November 15.
National Exit Poll. 2004. National Exit Poll Results: Presidential Election.. Washington Post, November 2. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/elections/ 2004/graphics/exitPolls_national.html.
Pink, Daniel H. 2004. Givers and Takers. The New York Times, January 30.
Polsby, Nelson. 1983. Consequences of Party Reform. New York: Oxford University Press.
Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A Political Economic History of Roll-Call Voting. New York: Oxford University Press.
Putnam, Robert. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with American Review of Politics agree to the following terms:
The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
Non-Commercial: the materials may not be used for commercial purposes;
Share Alike: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
The Author represents and warrants that:
the Work is the Author’s original work;
the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
the Work has not previously been published;
the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.