Gay Liberation Comes to Dixie—Slowly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.167-192Abstract
This article examines a little studied aspect of southern politics: the emergence of gay rights activists as players in mainstream southern politics. The article examines state-by-state electoral successes of openly-gay candidates throughout the South as well as the impact of gay rights activists on public policy (at both the local and state level), hate crimes legislation, employment rights, higher education, and private business. The movement of homosexuals from the shadows of society to open participation in public life has been a major national trend during the past three decades, and the South has not been in the forefront of this development. However, significant evidence suggests that, as Dixie has accommodated to other social changes, it is adapting to gay liberation-albeit more slowly than the rest of the nation.References
Annise Parker. 2002. <http://www.anniseparker.com> (February 2002).
Bailey, Robert W. 2000. Out and Voting II, The Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Vote in Congressional Elections, 1990-1998. New York: Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa. 1998. The Almanac of American Politics 1998. Washington, DC: National Journal.
Bradley, Martin, Norman Green Jr., Dale Jones, Mac Lynn, and Lou McNeil. 1992. Churches and Church Membership in the United States 1990. Atlanta, GA: Glenmary Research Center.
Bull, Chris, and John Gallagher. 1996. Perfect Enemies, the Religious Right, the Gay Movement, and the Politics of the 1990s. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc.
Chandler, Kim. 2002. Sexual Orientation-Hate Crime Bill Narrowly Clears Committee. Birmingham News, 22 February.
Clendinen, Dudley, and Adam Nagourney. 1999. Out for Good, the Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America. New York: Simon & Schuster.
CNN.com. 2001a. <http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/results/index.epolls.html> (January 2001).
CNN.com. 2001b. <http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/results/index.epolls.html> (January 2001).
Cohn, DeVera. 2001. Count of Gay Couples Up 300%. The Washington Post, 22 August.
Duggan, Paul. 2001. Texas Senate Passes Hate Crimes Bill. The Washington Post, 8 May.
Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund. 2000. <http://www.victoryfund.org> (January 2000).
Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund. 2002. <http://www.victoryfund.org/public/office /office.cfm> (February 2002).
Harden, Clay. 2001. Less Hysteria, More Power? The Clarion-Ledger, 22 August.
Human Rights Campaign. 2002a. <http://www.hrc.org> (February 2002).
Human Rights Campaign. 2002b. <http://www.hrc.org/congress/106/voter_scorecard _106.pdf> (February 2002).
Human Rights Campaign. 2002c. <http://www.hrc.org/worknet/index.asp> (February 2002).
McNeely, Dave. 2001. Glen Maxey: Leading a Life of Teaching. Austin American Statesman, 13 December.
Miami Herald. 2002. 21 February.
Miller, Karin. 2001. Gay Couples Live Together in Each County of Tennessee. The Daily News Journal, 15 August.
New Hanover County North Carolina. 2000. <http://www.co.new-hanover.nc.us/cc /comsjb.htm> (November 2000).
Smith, Jennifer J. 2001. Faculty Passes Anti-bias Policy. The Washington Blade, 14 December.
Terra. 2002. <http://www.terra.com/specials/florida_Keys> (February 2002).
The Oregonian. 2000. Percentage of Sex Movies in Home Video Market, 2000. The Oregonian, 4 December.
The Tennessee Journal. 2001. Quoted in Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 567:(7 November): 3.
The Tulsa World. 2001. Quoted in Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 559:(2 July): 6.
Thompson, Mark, ed. 1994. Long Road to Freedom, The Advocate History of the Gay and Lesbian Movement. New York: Liberation Publications/St. Martin?s Press.
Tracy, Dan. 2000. Orlando protects rights for gays. Orlando Sentinel, 14 September.
Wyman, Hastings. 1985. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 183.
Wyman, Hastings. 1987. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 231.
Wyman, Hastings. 1995. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 421.
Wyman, Hastings. 1996a. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 423.
Wyman, Hastings. 1996b. Interview with Glenn Maxey, July.
Wyman, Hastings. 1997a. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 457.
Wyman, Hastings. 1997b. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. November.
Wyman, Hastings. 1998a. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 1 June.
Wyman, Hastings. 1998b. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 14 September.
Wyman, Hastings. 1999a. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 512.
Wyman, Hastings. 1999b. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 15 November.
Wyman, Hastings. 1999c. Interview with Larry Bagneris, November.
Wyman, Hastings. 1999d. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 13 December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000a. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 3 July.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000b. Interview with U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu, August.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000c. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 7 August.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000d. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 538.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000e. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 18 September.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000f. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 25 September.
Wyman, Hastings. 2000g. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 23 October.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001a. Interview with Kevin Ivers, Public Affairs Director, Log Cabin Republicans.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001b. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 14 January.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001c. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 558.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001d. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 564.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001e. Interview with Harry Knox, November.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001f. Interview with Larry Pellegrini, November.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001g. Southern Political Report, ed. Hastings Wyman. 576.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001h. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 26 November.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001i. Interview with Beth Schapiro, December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001j. Interview with Brian Bond, December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001k. Interview with Cathy Woolard, December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001l. Interview with Jorge Mursuli, December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001m. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 17 December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2001n. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 24 December.
Wyman, Hastings. 2002a. Interview with Patty Sheehan, January.
Wyman, Hastings. 2002b. Capital Letters, ed. Hastings Wyman. 4 February.
Wyman, Hastings. 2002c. Interview with Rich Tafel, Executive Director, National Log Cabin Republicans, 25 February.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with American Review of Politics agree to the following terms:
The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
Non-Commercial: the materials may not be used for commercial purposes;
Share Alike: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
The Author represents and warrants that:
the Work is the Author’s original work;
the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
the Work has not previously been published;
the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
