Who Has the Body? Party Institutionalization and Theories of Party Organization

Authors

  • Denise L. Baer

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1993.14.0.1-38

Abstract

This analysis seeks to codify and elucidate an emerging consensus among party scholars concerning the phenomenon and significance of the institutionalized party. More than the mere bureaucratization of party organizations, by adapting to environmental challenge an evolving “web of party” has sprouted new linkages between elites and non-elites, as well as among national and subnational executives and legislatures. Party scholarship, dominated until recently by non-institutional perspectives such as progressivism, behavioralism, and pluralism, needs to examine party institutionalization in a broader institutional context, i.e., as compared with Congress, the Presidency, and other prime political institutions, for which the advent of the institutionalized party has far-reaching implications.

References

ACIR (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations). 1986. The Transformation in American Politics: Implications for Federalism. Washington, DC: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.

Adamany, David. 1984. Political Parties in the 1980s. In Michael J. Malbin, ed., Money and Politics in the United States. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.

Arterton, F. Christopher. 1982. Political Money and Political Strength. In Joel L. Fleishman, ed., The Future of American Political Parties. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Baer, Denise L. and David A. Bositis. 1988. Elite Cadres and Party Coalitions: Representing the Public in Party Politics. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

__________. 1993. Politics and Linkage in a Democratic Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Berry, Jeffrey M. 1989. Subgovernments, Issue Networks, and Political Conflict. In Richard A. Harris and Sidney M. Milkis, eds., Remaking American Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Bibby, John F. 1987. Politics, Parties and Elections in America. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

__________. 1990. Party Organization at the State Level. In L. Sandy Maisel, ed., The Parties Respond. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Bone, Hugh A. 1958. Party Committees and National Politics. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Broder, David. 1970. The Party's Over. New York: Harper & Row.

__________. 1979. Let 100 Single Issue Groups Bloom. Washington Post (January 7).

Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. 1990. Has Political Incorporation Been Achieved? Is It Enough? In Rufus P. Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb, eds., Racial Politics in American Cities. New York: Longman.

Burnham, Walter Dean. 1969. The End of American Party Politics. Transaction 7:12-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02804327

Burke, John P. 1992. The Institutional Presidency. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Cavanagh, Thomas E. 1982-83. The Dispersion of Authority in the House of Representatives. Political Science Quarterly 97: 623-37.

Chambers, William Nisbet. 1967. Party Development and The American Mainstream. In William N. Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, eds., The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cotter, Cornelius P. and John F. Bibby. 1986. A Focus for Research on Party Organization: Differentiation and Cohesion. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC. Revised 25 September 1986.

Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby and Robert J. Huckshorn. 1984. Party Organizations in American Politics. New York: Praeger.

Cotter, Cornelius P. and Bernard Hennessy. 1964. Politics Without Power. New York: Atherton Press.

Crotty, William and John S. Jackson, III. 1985. Presidential Primaries and Nominations. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Cox, Gary W. and Samuel Kernell. 1991. The Politics of Divided Government. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

David, Paul T., Ralph Goldman, and Richard C. Bain. 1960. The Politics of National Nominating Conventions. Washington, DC: Brookings.

Davidson, Roger H. 1992. The Emergence of the Postreform Congress. In Roger H. Davidson, ed., The Postreform Congress. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Deutsch, Karl. 1980. Politics and Government, 3rd edition. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.

Duverger, Maurice. 1954. Political Parties. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Eldersveld, Samuel. 1962. Political Parties: A Behavioral Analysis. Chicago: Rand McNally.

__________. 1986. The Party Activist in Detroit and Los Angeles: A Longitudinal View, 1956-1980. In William J. Crotty, ed., Political Parties in Local Areas. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.

Epstein, Leon D. 1982. Party Confederations and Political Nationalization. Publius 12: 89-99.

Feigenbaum, Edward D. and James A. Palmer. 1988. Ballot Access. Washington, DC: Federal Election Commission.

Frantzich, Stephen. 1986. Republicanizing the Parties: The Rise of the Service Vendor Party. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.

__________. 1989. Political Parties in the Technological Age. New York: Longman.

Freeman, Jo. 1986. The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties. Political Science Quarterly 101: 327-56.

Gerth, H.H. and C. Wright Mills. 1946. From Max Weber. New York: Oxford University Press.

Goldman, Ralph M. 1991. The Nominating Process: Factionalism as a Force for Democratization. MidSouth Political Science Journal 12: 42-64.

Haeberle, Steven H. 1978. The Institutionalization of the Subcommittee in the U.S. House of Representatives. Journal of Politics 40: 1054-1065.

Herrnson, Paul S. 1986. National Party Organizations and Congressional Campaigning: National Parties as Brokers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.

__________. 1988. Party Campaigning in the 1980s. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

__________. 1989. National Party Decision-Making, Strategies, and Resource Distribution in Congressional Elections. Western Political Quarterly 42: 301-323.

__________. 1990. Reemergent National Party Organizations. In L. Sandy Maisel, ed., The Parties Respond. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Hoefler, James M. 1991. Advertising on Cable Television in the Presidential Primaries: Something to Look for in ?92. PS: Political Science and Politics 24: 45-47.

Huckshorn, Robert J., James L. Gibson, Cornelius P. Cotter and John F. Bibby. 1986. Party Integration and Party Organizational Strength. Journal of Politics 48: 976-991.

Huntington, Samuel P. 1973. Congressional Responses to the Twentieth Century. In David B. Truman, ed., The Congress and America?s Future, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Jensen, Richard. 1969. American Election Analyses. In Seymour Martin Lipset, ed., Politics and the Social Sciences. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kayden, Xandra and Eddie Mahe, Jr. 1985. The Party Goes On: The Persistence of the Two-Party System in the United States. New York: Basic Books.

Kernell, Samuel. 1986. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Key, V.O. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. 1976. The New Presidential Elite. New York: Russell Sage.

__________. 1979. Dismantling the Parties: Reflections on Party Reform and Party Decomposition. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.

Ladd, Everett Carll and Charles D. Hadley. 1975. Transformations of the American Party System. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Lawson, Kay. 1978. Constitutional Change and Party Development in France, Nigeria, and the United States. In Louis Maisel and Joseph Cooper, eds., Political Parties: Development and Decay. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Loftus, Tom. 1985. The New ?Political Parties? in State Legislatures. State Government 58: 108.

Lowi, Theodore J. 1969. The End of Liberalism. New York: W.W. Norton.

March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.

Marvick, Dwaine. 1986. Stability and Change in the Views of Los Angeles Party Activists, 1968-1980. In William J. Crotty, ed., Political Parties in Local Areas. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Merriam, Charles Edward and Harold Foote Gosnell. 1940. The American Party System. New York: Macmillan.

Michels, Robert. [1915] 1962. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. New York: Crowell-Collier.

Morehouse, Sarah McCally. 1981. State Politics, Parties and Policy. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Pannebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.

Patterson, Samuel C. 1989. The Persistence of State Parties. In Carl E. Van Horn, ed., The State of the States. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Patterson, Samuel C. and Thomas H. Little. 1992. The Organizational Life of the Congressional Parties. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.

Petracca, Mark P. 1992. The Politics of Interests: Interest Groups Transformed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Phillips, Kevin. 1978. The Balkanization of America. Harper?s Magazine (May): 37-47.

Polsby, Nelson. 1968. Institutionalization in the U.S. House of Representatives. American Political Science Review 62: 144-68.

__________. 1983. Consequences of Party Reform. New York: Oxford University Press.

Rohde, David W. 1991. Parties and Leaders in the PostReform House. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sabato, Larry J. 1985. PAC POWER: Inside the World of Political Action Committees. New York: W.W. Norton.

Salmore, Stephen and Barbara Salmore. 1985. Candidates, Parties and Campaigns. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.

Schattschneider, E.E. 1942. Party Government. New York: Farrar and Rinehart.

Schlesinger, Joseph A. 1966. Ambition and Politics: Political Careers in the United States. Chicago: Rand-McNally.

__________. 1984. On the Theory of Party Organization. Journal of Politics 46: 369-400.

__________. 1985. The New American Party System. American Political Science Review 79:1152-1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956253

__________. 1991. Political Parties and the Winning of Office. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Schlozman, Kay Lehman and John T. Tierney. 1983. More of the Same: Washington Press Group Activity in a Decade of Change. Journal of Politics 45: 351-377.

Seligman, Lester. 1956. Presidential Leadership: The Inner Circle and Institutionalization. Journal of Politics 18: 410-426.

Shafer, Byron E. 1983. Quiet Revolution: The Struggle for the Democratic Party and the Shaping of Post-Reform Politics. New York: Russell Sage.

Shepsle, Kenneth. 1989. The Changing Textbook Congress. In John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson, eds., Can the Government Govern? Washington, DC: Brookings.

Sorauf, Frank J. 1967. Political Parties and Political Analysis. In William N. Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, eds., The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sorauf, Frank J. and Scott A. Wilson. 1990. Campaigns and Money: A Changing Role for the Political Parties?? In L. Sandy Maisel, ed., The Parties Respond. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Staebler, Neil and Douglas Ross. 1969. The Management of State Political Parties. In Cornelius P. Cotter, ed., Practical Politics in the United States. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Sundquist, James L. 1980. The Crisis of Competence in Our National Government. Political Science Quarterly 95: 183-208.

Truman, David B. 1951. Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Wayne, Stephen J. 1984. An Introduction to Research on the Presidency. In George C. Edwards III and Stephen J. Wayne, eds., Studying the Presidency. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Weber, Max. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, translated by A. Henderson and T. Parsons. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Wekkin, Gary D. 1985. Political Parties and Intergovernmental Relations in 1984: The Consequences of Party Renewal for Territorial Constituencies. Publius 15: 19-37.

__________. n.d. Campaign Finance Laws, Gamma Rays and Marigolds. Unpublished manuscript, Conway, AR.

Downloads

Published

1993-04-01

Issue

Vol. 14: Spring 1993

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with American Review of Politics agree to the following terms:

  1. The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.

  2. Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.

  3. The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:

    1. Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;

    2. Non-Commercial: the materials may not be used for commercial purposes;

    3. Share Alike: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.

  1. The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

  2. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.

  3. Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.

  1. The Author represents and warrants that:

    1. the Work is the Author’s original work;

    2. the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;

    3. the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;

    4. the Work has not previously been published;

    5. the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and

    6. the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.

  2. The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.