Democracy and Economic Liberalism: The Foundations of Hope in Africa

Authors

  • Michael A. Kelley

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1992.13.0.65-85

Abstract

The failure of many African regimes since independence to materially advance the quality of life and freedoms of their citizens has created a paradigm shift in development policy. Emphasizing the real capacity for autonomous choice among national and local elites, there is an ever-increasing recognition of the linkage between the use of free market mechanisms to promote national well-being and the provision of a democratic government. Data suggest that democratic and/or market driven states have fared better in Africa than those which embraced more controlled political and economic regimes.

References

Ake, Claude. 1990. The Case for Democracy. In African Governance in the 1990s: Objectives, Resources, and Constraints. Working Papers from the Second Annual Seminar of the African Governance Program, The Carter Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Almond, Gabriel A. 1991. Capitalism and Democracy. PS: Political Science & Politics 24: 467-473.

Alozie, Nicholas O. 1991. Privatization, Evangelism and Public Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Nigeria. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association-Southwest, San Antonio, TX.

Bates, Robert H. 1990. Socio-Economic Bases of Democratization in Africa: Some Reflections. In African Governance in the 1990s: Objectives, Resources, and Constraints. Working Papers from the Second Annual Seminar of the African Governance Program, The Carter Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

________ 1991. The Economics of Transition to Democracy. PS: Political Science and Politics 24: 24-27.

Bohannan, Paul and Philip Curtin. 1988. Africa and Africans, 3rd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Chazan, Naomi, Robert Mortimer, John Ravenhill, & Donald Rothchild. 1988. Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Chege, Michael. 1988. The African Economic Crisis and the Fate of Democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Walter O. Oyugi, E.S. Atieno Odhiambo, Michael Chege, and Afria K. Gitonga, eds., Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa. Portsmouth: Heinemann Publishers.

De la Serre, Francoise. 1990. The European Economic Community: Economic and Political Union. In Roy C. Macridis, ed., Modern Political Systems: Europe. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Economist, The. 20 June 1987. Survey: East Africa. 303: 3-18.

________ . 4 March 1989. Africa's Hope. 310: 13-14.

________ . 23 September 1989. Survey: Poor Man's Burden. 312: 3-58.

________ . 23 June 1990. Goodbye to the Nation State. 315: 11-12.

________ . 14 July 1990. Taiwan and Korea. 316: 19-12.

________ . 14 July 1990. The Modem Adam Smith. 316: 11-12.

________ . 22 December 1990. The State of the Nation State. 317: 43-46.

________ . 22 December 1990. The Year the Votes Poured In. 317: 75-76.

________ . 1 June 1991. They Couldn't Keep It Down. 319: 15-18.

________ . 28 February 1992. Democracy in Africa. 322: 17-20.

Enloe, Cynthia H. 1973. Ethnic Conflict and Political Development. Boston: Little, Brown.

Fatton, Robert Jr. 1990. Liberal Democracy in Africa. Political Science Quarterly 105 455-473.

Friedman, Milton. 1962. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Friedman, Milton and Rose Friedman. 1980. Free to Choose. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Gamer, Robert E. 1976. The Developing Nations: A Comparative Perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Geertz, Clifford. 1971. The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in New States. In Jason L. Finkle and Richard W. Gable, eds., Political Development and Social Change, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Harrison, Paul. 1981. Inside the Third World, 2nd ed. New York: Penguin Books.

Hayek, Friedrich A. 1944. The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

________ . 1948. Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

________ . 1973. Economic Freedom and Representative Government. Tonbridge, England: Institute for Economic Affairs.

Heilbroner, Robert L. 1961. The Worldly Philosophers, 2nd ed. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Hodder-Williams, Richard. 1984. An Introduction to the Politics of Tropical Africa. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Hyden, Goran. 1983. No Shortcuts to Progress: African Development Management in Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Ilchman, Warren F. and Norman Thomas Uphoff. 1971. The Political Economy of Change. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lofchie, Michael F. 1971. Political Constraints on African Development. In Michael F. Lofchie, ed., The State o f the Nations: Constraints on Development in Independent Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Magstadt, Thomas M. 1991. Nations and Governments: Comparative Politics in Regional Perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Mbembe, Achille. 1990. Democratization and Social Movements in Africa. Africa Demos: A Bulletin of the African Governance Program, The Carter Center of Emory University 1:4.

Morrison, Donald G. 1989. Understanding Black Africa: Data and Analysis of Social Change and Nation Building. New York: Irvington Publishers.

Nau, Henry R. 1990. The Myth of America s Decline: Leading the World Economy into the 1990s. New York: Oxford University Press.

Nishiyama, Chiaki and Kurt R.Leube. 1984. The Essence o f Hayek. Stanford, C A: Hoover Institution Press.

Nkrumah, Kwame. 1965. Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage o f Imperialism. New York: International Publishers.

Novak, Michael. 1982. The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Nye, Joseph Jr. 1990. Bound to Lead. The Changing Nature o f American Power. New York: Basic Books.

Nyong'o, P. Anyang. 1990. Democracy and Political Instability: A Rejoinder to the Comments by Dr. Thandika Mkandawire. In African Governance in the 1990s: Objectives, Resources, and Constraints. Working Papers from the Second Annual Seminar of the African Governance Program, The Carter Center of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Nzouankeu, Jacques-M. 1991. The African Attitude to Democracy. International Social Science Journal 43: 373-385.

Palmer, Monte. 1989. Dilemmas of Political Development: An Introduction to the Politics of the Developing Areas, 4 th ed. Itasca, IL: Peacock.

Peil, Margaret. 1977. Consensus and Conflict in African Societies. London: Longman.

Pye, LucienW. 1966. Aspects of Political Development. Boston: Little, Brown.

Skiar, Richard L. 1983. Democracy in Africa. African Studies Review 26: 11-24.

________ . 1992. Beyond Capitalism and Socialism in Africa. In Charles K. Wilber and Kenneth P. Jameson, eds., The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. New York: McGraw Hill.

Smiley, Xan. 1982. Misunderstanding Africa. The Atlantic Monthly 250 (September): 70-79.

Steiner, Jurg. 1986. European Democracies. New York: Longman.

Tordoff, William. 1984. Governments and Politics in Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Tubman, Winston B. 1986. Pluralism, Constitutionalism, and Law in Africa: A Liberian View. In Dov Ronen, ed., Democracy and Pluralism in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Turnbull, Colin M. 1972. The Mountain People. New York: Simon and Schuster.

United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. 1989. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1989. Washington, DC: Department of State.

________ .1980. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1968-1978. Washington, DC: Department of State.

________ . 1983. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 7 977-7950. Washington, DC: Department of State.

Usher, Dan. 1981. The Economic Prerequisite to Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press.

Vanhanen, Tatu. 1990. The Process of Democratization: A Comparative Study of 147 States, 1980-1988. New York: Crane Russak.

Van Wolferen, Karel. 1990. The Japan Problem Revisited. Foreign Affairs 69: 42-55.

Vengroff, Richard. 1990. Rural Development, Policy Reform, and the Assessment of Management Training Needs of Africa: A Comparative Perspective. Public Administration Quarterly 14: 353-376.

Von der Mehden, Fred R. 1964. Politics of Developing Nations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1971. The Range of Choice: Constraints on the Policies of Governments of Contemporary African Independent States. In Michael Lofchie, ed., The State of the Nations: Constraints Upon Development in Independent Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.

________ . 1974. Dependence in an Interdependent World. African Studies Review 17:1- 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/523574

Weiner, Myron. 1971. Political Integration and Political Development. In Jason L. Finkle and Richard W. Gable, eds., Political Development and Social Change, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Whitaker, Jennifer S. 1988. How Can Africa Survive. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.

Wilson, James Q. 1990. Juridical Democracy versus American Democracy. PS: Political Science and Politics 23: 570-572.

Wiseman, John A. 1990. Democracy in Black Africa: Survival and Renewal. New York: Paragon House.

Wunsch, James S. and Dele Olowu. 1990. The Failure of the Centralized. State: Institutions and Self-Governance in Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Zacher, Mark W. and R. Stephen Milne. 1974. Introduction. In Mark W. Zacher and R. Stephen Milne, eds., Conflict and Stability inSoutheast Asia. New York: Anchor Press.

Downloads

Published

1992-04-01

Issue

Section

Articles