The Tension and Intersection between my Personal and Professional Identities as an Egyptian, Muslim Woman

Main Article Content

Maysaa Barakat

Abstract




In this autoethnography I connect my personal experience as an Egyptian, Muslim Woman and my professional experience as an Educator to the complex intercultural context in which I found myself (Ellis & Bochner, 2000). Using one critical incident (please see “we are not in America here” vignette) as a point of reflection on the influence that my background has had on my personal and professional learning, career choices, and how my perceptions of marginalization as an Egyptian, Muslim, Woman impacted my attitudes and behaviors and led me to focus on the importance of cultural competence for educators. Now more than ever, because of the divisive and hate rhetoric which is dominating the public and political arenas, I find myself concerned with the encompassing question of how could educators understand the struggles of students who are members of venerable minority groups, so that they could better support their learning?




Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Adichie, C. 2012. “The Danger of a Single Story.” TED Ideas Worth Spreading. http://b.3cdn.net/ascend/2029fab7aa68da3f31_jqm6bn6lz.pdf

Aud, S., Hussar, W., Kena, G., Bianco, K., Frohlich, L., Kemp, J., & Tahan, K. (2011). The condition of education 2011 (NCES 2011-033). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Barakat, M. (2016). An authoethnography: Building bridges. In K. Scott & A. Henward, Women education scholars and their children’s schooling, (pp. 1-21). Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group.

Barakat, M. (In press). Breaking barriers, building bridges. In S. Spencer, Daughter of the Nile: Egyptian women changing their world. London, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Mohamed, B. (2016, January 6). A new estimate of the U.S. Muslim population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/06/a-new-estimate-of-the-u-s-muslim-population/

Bochner, A. P. (2007). Notes toward an ethics of memory in Autoethnographic Inquiry. In N. Denzin and M. Giardina (Eds.). Ethical Futures in Qualitative Research: Decolonizing the Politics of Knowledge, 196–208. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250080070041002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250080070041002

Bryant, A. N. (2007). The effects of involvement in campus religious communities on college student adjustment and development. Journal of College and Character, 8(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1178

Chang, H. 2007. Autoethnography: Raising cultural consciousness of self and others. In Geoffrey Walford (ed.) Methodological developments in Ethnography: Studies in educational Ethnography 12: 207-221. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1529-210x(06)12012-4

Chaudhry, L. (1997). “Researching ‘My People,’ Researching myself: Fragments of a reflexive tale.” Qualitative Studies in Education 10 (4): 441–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/095183997237025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/095183997237025

Cole, D. & Ahmadi, S. (2010). Reconsidering campus diversity: An examination of Muslim students' experiences. The Journal of Higher Education, 81(2), 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0089

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln. Y. S. (2000). “The Seventh Moment: Out of the Past.” In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.) The Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd ed, (47–65). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109332198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109332198

Ellis, C. & Bochner, A. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity: Researcher as subject. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.) (pp.733-768). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.

Ellis, C. & Bochner, A. P. (Eds.). (1996). Composing ethnography: Alternative forms of qualitative writing. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press.

Ellis, C. & Flaherty, M. G. (Eds.). (1992). Investigating subjectivity: Research on lived experience. London: Sage.

Fienberg, H., & Murray, I. (2001, November 29). How many U.S. Muslims? Our best estimate. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May, 14, 2016, from http://www.csmonitor.com/2001/1129/p11s2-coop.html

Fraser, J., & Fraser, J. (1999). Reversing the real brain drain: Early years study: Final report. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.

Freeman, M. (2004). Data are everywhere: Narrative criticism in the literature of experience. In C. Daiute & C. Lightfoot (Eds.), Narrative analysis: Studying the development of individuals in society (pp. 63-82). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985246.n14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985246.n14

Freeman, M. (1993). Rewriting the self. History, memory, narrative. Taylor & Frances/Routledge.

Gannon, S. (2006). The (im)possibilities of writing the self-writing: French poststructural theory and autoethnography. Cultural Studies↔ Critical Methodologies, 6(4), 474-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708605285734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708605285734

Goddard, J. (2010). Toward glocality: Facilitating leadership in an age of diversity. Journal of School Leadership, 20(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461002000104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461002000104

Goodall Jr, H. L. (2012). Writing qualitative inquiry: Self, stories, and academic life (Vol. 6). Left Coast Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315415536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315415536

Hall, S. (1992). New Ethnicities. In A. Rattansi and J. Donald (eds). Race, culture and differences, London: Open University and Sage.

Hamdan, A. (2012). Autoethnography as a genre of qualitative research: A journey inside out. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 11(5), 585-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100505

Harding, S. G. (2000). Our words, our revolutions: Diverse voices of Black women, First Nations women, and women of colour in Canada. Toronto, ON: Inanna Publications and Education.

Horsford, S., Grosland, T., & Gunn, K. M. (2011). Pedagogy of the personal and professional: Toward a framework for culturally relevant leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 21(4), 582-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461102100404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461102100404

Jarviluoma, H., Moisala, P., & Vilkko, A. (2003). Gender and qualitative methods. London, United Kingdom: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209199

Kim, Y. M. (2011). Minorities in higher education: 24th Status Report. Washington, D.C: American Council on Education.

Kohli, H. K., Huber, R., & Faul, A. C. (2010). Historical and theoretical development of culturally competent social work practice. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 30(3), 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2010.499091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2010.499091

Mohammed, B. (2016, January 6). A new estimate of the U.S. Muslim population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/06/a-new-estimate-of-the-u-s-muslim-population/

Ostriker, A. (1983). Writing Like a Woman. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.7418

Pinar, W. F. (2012). What is curriculum theory? New York, NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609793

Pinar, W. F. (2004). What is Curriculum Theory? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Pinar, W. F. (1975, April). The Method of “Currere.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Research Association; Washington, D. C.

Pluralism Project of Harvard University. (2003). Statistics by tradition. Retrieved May, 14, 2016, from http://www.pluralism.org/resources/statistics/tradition.php#Islam Holy Quran. (2011). The Holy Qur’an; English translation and commentary. Dublin, OH; Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore Inc. [Translated by Maula Muhammad Ali]. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9795.2010.00446.x

Reed-Danahay, D. E. (Ed.). (1997). Introduction. Auto/ethnography: Rewriting the self and the social. New York, NY: Berg.

Reinharz, S. (1992). Feminist method in social research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ross, D. A. (2008). Culturally competent and socio-politically conscious teaching: A teacher educator works to model the journey to critical cultural competence. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 10(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v10i1.71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v10i1.71

Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. H. (2010). International students: A vulnerable student population. Higher education, 60(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9284-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9284-z

Shrestha, L. B. (2006). The changing demographic profile of the United States. Congressional Research Service Report. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

Sleeter, C. E. (2001). Preparing Teachers for Culturally Diverse Schools Research and the Overwhelming Presence of Whiteness. Journal of teacher education, 52(2), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487101052002002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487101052002002

Sleeter, C. E. (1993). How White teachers construct race. In C. McCarthy & W. Crichlow (Eds.), Race, identity and representation in education (pp. 157–171). London: Routledge.

Whitman, W. (1892). Song of myself. Retrieved from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/45477