Intercollegiate Athletics Experience as a High Impact Practice: Examination of Quality Indicators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2021.1.9.61-81Abstract
Intercollegiate student-athletes have lower access and participation rates compared to peers across the high-impact practices (HIPs). HIPs are an active learning practice that deepen learning through engagement. Recently, there has been a call to look at student experiences to identify ‘next-generation’ HIPs. The intercollegiate athletic experience shows lasting transformative benefits for participants and thus constitutes a ‘next-generation’ HIP. This paper provides evidence to support the concept of intercollegiate athletics as a HIP by: 1) presenting data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and National Survey on Student Engagement (NSSE) in support of athletics as a HIP; 2) share the perceptions of academic personnel in a mid-major Division I conference considering intercollegiate athletics as a fit for a next-generation HIP; and 3) utilizing the quality indicators of HIPs as a way to assess the athletic experience by student-athletes. In total these perspectives indicated that eight key quality elements of HIPs are part of a student’s athletics experience. Additional discussion includes the importance of integrating intentional feedback, reflection, and connection to real-world application to further align and deepen the athlete experience with quality measures of HIPs.
References
August, R. A. (2020). Understanding career readiness in college student-athletes and identifying associated personal qualities. Journal of Career Development, 47(2), 177-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845318793936
Bell, L., Ribera, A., & Gonyea, B. (2018). The student‐athlete experience and the eight key elements of High‐Impact Practices. National Association of System Heads California State University Dominguez Hills. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/24287/The%20student-athlete%20experience%20and%20the%20eight%20key%20elements%20of%20high-impact%20practices.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Bimper, A. Y. (2017). Mentorship of Black student-athletes at a predominately White American university: Critical race theory perspective on student-athlete development. Sport, Education and Society, 22(2), 175-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1022524
Buckmaster, M., Hall, E. E., & Ketcham, C. J. (2019) Global Phoenix: A model of student-athlete study away access. Association for American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) Global Citizenship for Campus, Community, and Careers. San Antonio, TX
Comeaux, E., & Harrison, C. K. (2011). A conceptual model of academic success for student-athletes. Educational Researcher, 40(5), 235-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x11415260
Felten, P., Gardner, J. N., Schroeder, C. C., Lambert, L. M., & Barefoot, B. O. (2016). The undergraduate experience: Focusing institutions on what matters most. Jossey-Bass. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2194587x.2018.1445648
Felten, P., & Lambert, L. M., (2020) Relationship-rich education: How human connections drive success in college. John Hopkins University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2194587x.2021.1939724
Finley, A., & McNair, T. (2013). Assessing underserved students’ engagement in high-impact practices. Association of American Colleges and Universities. https://www.aacu.org/assessinghips/report
Gallup. (2020). A study of NCAA student-athletes: Undergraduate experiences and post-college outcomes. Washington, DC: Gallup, Inc. https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/research/other/2020/2020RES_GallupNCAAOutcomes.pdf
Gayles, J. G., & Baker, A. R. (2015). Opportunities and challenges for first-year student-athletes transitioning from high school to college. New Directions for Student Leadership, Fall 2015(147), 43-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20142
Gaston-Gayles, J. L., & Hu, S. (2009). The influence of student engagement and sport participation on college outcomes among division I student athletes. Journal of Higher Education, 80(3), 315-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0051
Gayles, J. G., Crandall, R. E., & Howard-Hamilton, M. (2015). Data-driven practices for improving learning and personal development for college athletes. In E. Comeaux (Ed.), Making the connection: Data-informed practices in academic support centers for college athletes, (pp. 17-32). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14507/er.v23.2077
Hall, E. E., Palomaki, Z., Ketcham, C. J., & Weaver, A. G. (2020). Undergraduate research participation in student-athletes: Lessons learned and what mentors can do. Perspectives on Undergraduate Research & Mentoring, 9(1), https://www.elon.edu/u/academics/undergraduate-research/purm/wp-content/uploads/sites/923/2020/12/Hall-et-al.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869508.019
Hall, E. E., Weaver, A., & Ketcham, C. J. (2018). Innovative strategies for high impact practices: Access, success, and the student‐athlete. International Society of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Toward a Culture of Learning. https://issotl18.w.uib.no/poster-session/innovative-strategies-for-high-impact-practices-access-success-and-the-student-athlete/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v16i6.19585
Husser, J., Lambert, L. M., & Felten, P. (2018, August 22). Mentors play critical role in quality of college experience, new poll suggests. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/mentors-play-critical-role-in-quality-of-college-experience-new-poll-suggests-101861
Ishaq, F. J., & Bass, J. (2019). High impact educational practices and the student athlete experience: Implementation and barriers to HIPs in the student athlete support setting. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 12, 178-204.
Johnson, S. R., & Stage, F. K. (2018). Academic engagement and student success: Do high-impact practices mean higher graduation rates? The Journal of Higher Education, 89(5), 753-781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2018.1441107
Jones, W. A., Liu, K., & Bell, L. F. (2017). Examining the inclusiveness of intercollegiate team climate and its influence on student-athletes’ cross-racial interactions. Journal of College Student Development, 58(4), 564-582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2017.0043
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758-773. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.598505
Kinzie, J. (2012). High-impact practices: Promoting participation for all students. Diversity and Democracy, 15(3), 2012.
Krumer, A., Shavit, T., & Rosenboim, M. (2011). Why do professional athletes have different time preferences than non-athletes? Judgement and Decision Making, 6(6), 542-551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500002503
Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Association of American Colleges and Universities. https://www.aacu.org/publications-research/publications/high-impact-educational-practices-what-they-are-who-has-access-0
Kuh, G. D., & O’Donnell, K. (2013). Ensuring quality and taking high-impact practices to scale. Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Kuh, G., O’Donnell, K., & Schneider, C.G. (2017). HIPs at then. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 49(5), 8-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0091383.2017.1366805
Leupold, C. R., Weaver, A. G., & Hall, E. E. (2019). Developing the team while traveling: Infusing elements of high impact practices into a study abroad course for student-athletes. Journal of Higher Education Athletics and Innovation, 1(6), 47-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2019.1.6.47-81
McCabe, J. M. (2016). Connecting in college: How friendship networks matter for academic and social success. University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226409665.001.0001
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2017). NCAA Study of Student-Athlete Social Environments [data file]. Indianapolis, IN.
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020a). NCAA GOALS Study, 2019 [data file]. Indianapolis, IN.
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020b). Trends in graduation success rates and federal graduation rates at NCAA Division I schools. NCAA Research. https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/research/gradrates/2020/2020D1RES_FedGSRTrends.pdf
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020c). Trends in academic success rates and federal graduation rates at NCAA Division II schools. NCAA Research. https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/research/gradrates/2020/2020D2RES_FedASRTrends.pdf
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020d). Academic success rate and federal graduation rates at NCAA Division III schools. NCAA Research. https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/research/gradrates/2020/2020D3RES_FedASRTrends.pdf
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020e). Trends in participation of international student-athletes in NCAA Divisions I and II. NCAA Research. https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/research/demographics/2020RES_ISATrendsDivSprt.pdf
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2020f). Estimated probability of competing in professional athletics. NCAA Research. http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/estimated-probability-competing-professional-athletics
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2021a.) NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Database [Data visualization dashboard] http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/ncaa-demographics-database. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963916.n254
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2021b). NCAA Demographics Database [Data visualization dashboard]. http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/research/ncaa-demographics-database. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963916.n254
National Survey of Student Engagement. (2020). NSSE Report Builder https://nsse.indiana.edu/nsse/reports-data/report-builder/index.html. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/86
O’Donnell, K., Botelho, J., Brown, J., González, G. M., & Head, W. (2015). Undergraduate research and its impact on student success for underrepresented students. New Directions for Higher Education, 2015(169), 27-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20120
Park, S., Lavallee, D., & Tod, D. (2013). Athletes’ career transition out of sport: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 22-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2012.687053
Parks-Yancy, R. (2012). Interactions into opportunities: Career management for low-income, first-generation African American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 53(4), 510-523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0052
Pascarella, E. T., & Blaich, C. (2013). Lessons from the Wabash national study of liberal arts education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 45(2), 6-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2013.764257
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students (1st ed.). Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Sandstedt, S. D., Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., Ward, D. G., Webber, S. N., & Ivey, S. (2004). Development of the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI). Journal of Career Development, 31(2), 79-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530403100201
Smith, W. A., Yosso, T. J., & Solórzano, D. (2006). Challenging racial battle fatigue on historically White campuses: A critical race examination of race-related stress. In C. A. Stanley (Ed.), Faculty of color: Teaching in predominantly White colleges and universities (pp. 299-327). Anker. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004203655.i-461.82
Stage, F. K., & Hossler, D. (2000). Where is the student? Linking student behaviors, college choice, and persistence. In J. Braxton (Ed.), Rethinking the departure puzzle (pp. 170-195). Vanderbilt University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv176kvf4.12
Swaner, L. E., & Brownell, J. E. (2008). Outcomes of high impact practices for underserved students: A review of the literature. Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Sweat, J., Jones, G., Han, S., & Wolfgram, S. M. (2013) How does high impact practice predict student engagement? A comparison of White and minority students. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 7(2), Article 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2013.070217
Umbach, P. D., Palmer, M. M., Kuh, G. D., & Hannah, S. J. (2006). Intercollegiate athletes and effective educational practices: Winning combination or losing effort? Research in Higher Education, 47(6), 709-733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-006-9012-9
Van Raalte, J. L., Andrews, S. R., Cornelius, A. E., Brewer, B. W., & Petitpas, A. J. (2017). Student-athlete career self-efficacy: Workshop development and evaluation. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0015
Weaver, A., Hall, E., Ketcham, C., Baker, M, Harrison, A., & Shirley, C. (2019, June 16-21). Enhancing the student-athlete experience: Developing best practices for living learning programs [Conference session]. Residential Learning Communities as a High-Impact Practice Conference, Elon, NC, United States. https://www.centerforengagedlearning.org/research-seminars/residential-learning-communities/
Wiggins, J. (2011). Faculty and first‐generation college students: Bridging the classroom gap together. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2011(127), 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.451
Williams, S., Hall, E. E., Ketcham, C. J., & Weaver, A. (2019, October). Civic engagement and collegiate student athletes [Conference session]. International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Conference, Atlanta, GA.
Wolf-Wendel, L., Ward, K., & Kinzie, J. (2009). A tangled web of terms: The overlap and unique contribution of involvement, engagement, and integration to understanding college student success. Journal of College Student Development, 50(4), 407-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0077
Yang, F. M., & Kao, S. T. (2014) Item response theory for measurement validity. Shanghai Archives in Psychiatry, 26(3),171-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.03.010
Zepke, N., & Leach, L. (2010). Improving student engagement: Ten proposals for action. Active Learning in Higher Education, 11(3), 167-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787410379680
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Caroline J. Ketcham, Lydia Bell, Eric E. Hall, Anthony G. Weaver
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.