“Who’s got bars?”: Remixing Intergroup Dialogue Pedagogy through Hip-Hop Feminism

Main Article Content

Wilson Okello

Abstract

Hip-hop culture serves as a space to correct, prescribe, make known, and show up. Additionally, it offers its users opportunities to do what other spaces cannot, and that is to present a remix of a previously accepted script. Reintroduction can help Black lives, survive, dismantle, and escape systems of thinking that render them invisible and unheard. In this conceptually grounded manuscript, I discuss intergroup dialogue (IGD), with particular attention to IGD pedagogy. Though an important pedagogical strategy in and outside of higher education, IGD pedagogy may be operating to stifle the full expression of Black participants. By way of intervention, I point to possibilities within hip-hop feminism and hip-hop aesthetics to assist educators and facilitators in reimagining IGD pedagogical practice.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Akbar, N. (1984). Afrocentric social science for human liberation. Journal of Black Studies, 14(1), 395-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002193478401400401

Alim, H. S. (2004). ‘Bring it to the cypher’: Hip-hop nation language. In. M. Forman & M.A. Neal. (Eds.), That’s the Joint! The Hip-Hop Studies Reader, (pp. 530-563). Psychology Press.

Asante. M. K. (1988). Afrocentricity. Africa World.

Baldwin, J. The Fire Next Time. Dial Press.

Baszile, D. T. (2008). Beyond all reason indeed: The pedagogical promise of critical race testimony. Race Ethnicity and Education, 11(3), 251-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320802291140

Baszile, D. T. (2015). Rhetorical revolution: Critical race counterstorytelling and the abolition of white democracy. Qualitative Inquiry, 21(3), 239-249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414557830

Brown, R.N. (2009). Black girlhood celebration: Toward a Hip-Hop feminist pedagogy. Peter Lang.

Brown, R. N. (2013). Hear our truths: The creative potential of Black girlhood. University of Illinois Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037979.001.0001

Brown, R. N., & Kwakye, C. J. (2012). Wish to Live: The Hip-Hop Feminism Pedagogy Reader. Peter Lang.

Brown, Y. (2015). Medium. The subtle linguistics of polite white supremacy. https://medium.com/@YawoBrown/the-subtle-linguistics-of-polite-white-supremacy-3f83c907ffff

Chabal, P. (2012). The end of conceit: Western rationality after postcolonialism. Zed Books.

Chang, J. (2006). Total chaos: The art and aesthetics of hip-hop. Basic Books.

Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Unwin Hyman.

Davis, A. (1981). Women, race, and class. Random House.

Dessel, A., & Rogge, M. E. (2008). Evaluation of intergroup dialogue: A review of the empirical literature. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(2), 199-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.230

Durham, A.S. (2014). Home with hip hop feminism: Performances in communication and culture. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.

Durham, A.S., Cooper, B. C., & Morris, S. M. (2013). The stage hip-hop feminism built: A new directions essay. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 38(3), 721-737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/668843

Emdin, C., & Adjapong, E. S. (Eds.). (2018). # HipHopEd: The compilation on hip-hop education: Volume 1: Hip-hop as education, philosophy, and practice. BRILL DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004371873

Fordham, S. (1993). “Those loud Black girls”: (Black) women, silence, and gender “passing” in the academy. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 32, 3-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1993.24.1.05x1736t

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder.

Gurin, P., Nagda, B. R. A., & Zuniga, X. (2013). Dialogue across difference: Practice, theory, and research on intergroup dialogue. Russell Sage Foundation.

Henderson, M.G. (2014). Speaking in Tongues & Dancing Diaspora: Black Women Writing and Performing. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195116595.001.0001

Higginbotham, E. B. (1993). The politics of respectability. Righteous Discontent: The Women’s Movement in the Black Baptist Church, 1880–1920, 185-230.

Hill, D.C. (2012). An unapologetic lyric: A warrior’s battle for space in Education. In R.N. Brown and C.J. Kwakye (Eds.), Wish to live: The Hip-Hop feminism pedagogy reader. Peter Lang.

Hill, D. C. (2016a). What happened when I invited students to see me? A Black queer professor’s reflections on practicing embodied vulnerability in the classroom. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 21(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2016.1165045

Hill, D. C. (2016b). Blackgirl, one word: Necessary transgressions in the name of imagining Black girlhood. Cultural Studies↔ Critical Methodologies, 19(4), 275-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616674994

Hill, L. (1998). The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill. Ruffhouse and Columbia Records.

hooks, b. (1990). Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics. South End Press.

Johnson, E. P. (2001). "Quare" studies, or (almost) everything I know about queer studies I learned from my grandmother. Text and Performance Quarterly, 21(1), 1-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10462930128119

Kline, C. (2007). Represent!: Hip-hop and the self-aesthetic relation. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.

Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press.

Maxwell, K. E., Chesler, M., & Nagda, B. A. (2011). Identity matters. Facilitators’ struggles and empowered use of social identities in intergroup dialogue. In K.E. Maxwell, M. Chesler, B.A. Nagda, & M.C. Thompson (Eds.), Facilitating intergroup dialogues: Bridging differences, catalyzing change (pp. 163-178). Stylus Publishing.

Morgan, J. (1999). When chickenheads come home to roost: A hip-hop feminist breaks it down. Simon and Schuster.

Nagda, B. A., Gurin, P., Sorensen, N., & Zúñiga, X. (2009). Evaluating intergroup dialogue: Engaging diversity for personal and social responsibility. Diversity & democracy, 12(1), 4-6.

Okello, W.K. (2018). From self-authorship to self-definition: Remapping theoretical assumptions through Black feminism. Journal of College Student Development, 59(5), 528-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2018.0051

Peoples, W. A. (2008). " Under construction": Identifying foundations of hip-hop feminism and exploring bridges between Black second-wave and hip-hop feminisms. Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism, 8(1)19-52.

Petchauer, E. (2009). Framing and reviewing hip-hop educational research. Review of educational research, 79(2), 946-978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308330967

Petchauer, E. (2011). I feel what he was doin’: Responding to justice-oriented teaching through hip-hop aesthetics. Urban Education, 46(6), 1411-1432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085911400335

Pough, G.D. (2003). “Do the ladies run this…? Some thoughts on hip-hop feminism.” In R. Dicker & A. Pipemeier (Eds.), Catching a wave: Reclaiming feminism for the 21st Century, (pp. 232–243). Northeastern University Press.

Pough, G. D., Richardson, E. B., Durham, A., & Raimist, R. (Eds.). (2007). Home girls make some noise: Hip-hop feminism anthology. Parker Publishing.

Quaye, S. J. (2012). Think before you teach: Preparing for dialogues about racial realities. Journal of College Student Development, 53(4), 542-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0056

Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and Black culture in contemporary America. University Press of New England.

Rose, T. (2008). The hip hop wars: What we talk about when we talk about hip hop--and why it matters. Civitas Books.

Ross, M. (2000). Creating the conditions for peacemaking: Theories of practice in ethnic conflict resolution. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(6), 1002–1034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/014198700750018397

Schoem, D. L., & Hurtado, S. (Eds.). (2001). Intergroup dialogue: Deliberative democracy in school, college, community, and workplace. University of Michigan Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11280

Shange, S. (2019). Black girl ordinary: Flesh, carcerality, and the refusal of ethnography. Transforming Anthropology, 27(1), 3-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/traa.12143

Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books.

Smitherman, G. (1997). “The chain remains the same”: Communicative practices in the hip-hop nation. Journal of Black Studies, 28(1), 3-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479702800101

Spillers, H. J. (1987). Mama's baby, papa's maybe: An American grammar book. Diacritics, 17(2), 65-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/464747

Tuck, E., & Gaztambide-Fernandez, R. (2013). Curriculum, replacement, and settler futurity. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 29(1), 72–89.

Zúñiga, X., Nagda, B. R. A., Chesler, M., & Cytron-Walker, A. (2007). Intergroup Dialogue in Higher Education: Meaningful Learning About Social Justice: ASHE Higher Education Report, 4. John Wiley & Sons.